1231 

195 

1 



STATEMENT 



BY- 



DR. A. F. WOODS 

PRESIDENT MARYLAND STATE COLLEGE 



IN REGARD TO 



THE DEVELOPMENT OF MARYLAND'S 
RIAL AND INDUSTRIAL RESOURCE 

BY MEANS OF APPROPRIATIONS 



-T( ) 



THE STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE 

THE MARYLAND STATE COLLEGE 

THE EXPERIMENT STATION 

THE EXTENSION SERVICE 

THE INSPECTION AND CONTROL WORK 



JANUARY, 1920 



r ». of D. 

m 2+ 1320 



TMP96-021786 



ffiu 



What the State College Is Asking For. 

The General Assembly of Maryland at its present session is 
asked to provide for work under the direction of the Trustees of the 
Maryland State College of Agriculture and the State Board of Agri- 
culture the sum of 81,087,286 for maintenance, and the further sum 
of $1,519,900 for land, buildings and equipment, etc., a total of 
$3,207,186 for the years of 1921 and 1922. This total represents an 
increase of $2,649,823 over the amount of 8557,358 appropriated for 
the years 1919 and 1920. 

The tax payers of the State have a legitimate right to inquire 
why such an amount is requested at the present time. Following are 
reasons why the appropriation is deemed necessary: 

Will Develop the State's Resources. 

The fundamental reason for the appropriation is that it will be 
expended primarily for the development of the agricultural and 
industrial resources of the State. The fact must be borne in mind 
that Maryland is an agricultural State. Nearly one-half of our 
population is engaged in agricultural pursuits. Many of the other 
half are dependent upon agricultural development for the prosperity 
of their business. Most of the towns have been built and are sup- 
ported by agriculture. A large volume of the business of Baltimore 
City is directly dependent upon the farm. A large proportion of 
the raw material used in her factories comes from the farm. It is. 
therefore, evident that the well-being and development of agriculture 
is of vital importance to all of our people, urban as well as rural. 
And that which is true of agriculture also is true of the State's 
water and mining industries, though, perhaps, in a somewhat less 
measure. 

Possibilities of Agricultural Development in Maryland 
Practically Unlimited. 

Of the 5.000,000 acres included in Maryland farms, only about 
3,000,000 acres are now under cultivation. Hundreds of thousands 
of acres of unfilled land in this State could be made productive, with 
the result that every phase of our industrial life should be more 
prosperous. 

The soil is Maryland's greatest undeveloped resource. Its 
development can be accomplished only through a broad, thoroughly 
organized and far-reaching system of agricultural instruction, in- 
vestigation and demonstration. The net returns from Maryland's 
50,000 farms can be doubled. For instance, an increase of one 
bushel of corn per acre from the 693,000 acres devoted to this crop in 
1919 would return more than $1,000,000 increased income to Mary- 
land farmers. An increase of one bushel of wheat per acre from the 
790,000 acres devoted to this crop in 1919 would yield over $1,500,000 
in increased income to our farmers. 



One pint increase of milk per cow per day would yield the dairy- 
men of this State over a million dollars of additional income from 
their labor. Unused land could be turned into pastures that would 
easily feed half a million more sheep than are now in the State. 

Although Maryland is a great fruit State, she can be made the 
greatest fruit State in the East, and the value of thousands of acres 
of unused lands can be multiplied manyfoid. 

There are within 200 miles of Maryland, 10,000,000 people 
to consume the products of the farm, including small fruits, truck 
and vegetable crops. 

At a time when the cost of living has reached unheard of alti- 
tudes, every citizen is vitally interested in any measure that may 
increase production of food crops. The State College is the agency, 
established by authority of the State, to accomplish this end. 



Money Appropriated for Agricultural Development 
Is a Safe and Profitable Investment. 

Actual experience has demonstrated that the possibilities of 
Maryland's agriculture can be lealized. Wheat growers under the 
direction of the State College, by using improved seed and following- 
approved methods, have increased their yields of wheat as much as 
six bushels per acre over the yield from other unimproved varieties. 
On the basis of the State's total acreage in 1919, such an increase 
would have netted the wheat growers of the State more than $9,000,- 
000 in one year. 

In 1919, nine fruit growers, by the expenditure of $4253.65 in 
properly spraying their peach and apple trees under the direction 
of specialists from the State College, received from their crops 
148,818.83 over and above the cost of spraying the trees. The per- 
centage of perfect fruit from these trees was 88%, while the un- 
sprayed trees yielded only 24%. 

In 1919 a strawberry grower in Somerset county who conducted 
demonstrations in dusting his plants received $508 more for the 
fruit from the acre that was dusted than from an acre that was not 
dusted. The cost of dusting, including all charges, was $20.50, mak- 
ing a net return of $488.25 in favor of dusting. 

A similar demonstration in Caroline county yielded a net return 
in favor dusting of $379.50. 

Another grower in Somerset county who had 12 acres in straw- 
berries sold 1800 crates for $15,300. He estimates an increase in 
yield of 30 per cent, due to dusting. Counting the cost of dusting 
at $200, he estimates his net returns from his dusting operations 
at $4300. 

A score of other growers, carrying on demonstrations under the 
direction of county agents and State College specialists, reported 
increases in crop yield, due to dusting, of from 30 per cent, to 100 
per cent. 



The college records show many examples of increased yields 
from farm crops, control of disease in plants and livestock, and 
larger net returns from dairying and other branches of animal hus- 
bandry by following scientific methods of agriculture recommended 

by the State College. 

The State Can Well Afford to Build Up 
Its State College. 

The State College is the logical leader in the agricultural de- 
velopment of the State. The State can well afford to appropriate 
funds for the upbuilding of an institution capable of such effective 
leadership. It will prove a safe and profitable investment. 

It was through the efforts of the University of Wisconsin that 
Wisconsin developed into the great dairying State that it is. After; 
New York soil became depleted through mismanagement, Cornell 
University, through its College of Agriculture, made the horticul- 
tural interests of the Empire State what they are. Ohio and Iowa 
became leaders in livestock production largely through the efforts 
of their Colleges of Agriculture. The millions appropriated by these 
States to their State Colleges have been returned a hundredfold in 
inreased return from their agriculture and in enhanced value of their 
farms. 

State Roads Are Profitable Investment. 

Within ten years the Maryland Legislature has authorized the 
expenditure of 134,000,000 upon our State road system. It is a 
fine system, and the pride of every Marylander. It has proved to be 
an exceedingly profitable investment for the Srate. 

But in the past 63 years, the State of Maryland has spent but 
little over $1 ,000,000 for the advancement of agriculture through 
appropriations to the State College. Other States have built up 
their State Colleges along with or in advance of the development 
of their State roads. Let Maryland build up a great State College 
to compare with her great road system. It will prove just as good 
an investment. 

The Appropriations Requested Have Already Been Earned. 

As a matter of record, the appropriations asked for have already 
been earned as is shown by the following figures: 

The average yield of corn per acre from 1880-1889 in Maryland 
was 24.2 bushels; the average yield in 1910-1910 was 30. 5 bushels, an 
increase of 12.3 bushels. On the basis of 693,000 acres of corn grown 
in Maryland in 1919. this means an increase of $ 11,933,000 this year 
over the yield for the same acreage in 1880-1889. 

The increase in the average yield of wheat in the same 1 period 
was 3.S bushels per acre. On a basis of 700.000 acres of the 1919 
crop, this would result in an increase of $6,454,000 to the wheat 
growers of the State for this year over tin 1 yield for 1880-1889. 



Taking oats, rye, barley, buckwheat, potatoes, hay and tobacco 
together with corn and wheat, the total increase of these nine prin- 
cipal crops of the State on our 1919 acreage amounts to $22,361,480 
per year more than they averaged in 1880-1889. 



State College Responsible for Crop Improvement. 

If only one-tenth of the improvement in the nine principal crops 
grown in this State could be ascribed to the influence of the State 
College since the establishment of the Experiment Station in 1889, 
and the receipt by the College of the grants of funds under the 
Second Morril Act in 1892, it would represent over $2,000,000 in one 
year, or more than the entire amount that has been granted to the 
College and Experiment Station since the foundation of. the College 
63 years ago. 

It is, therefore, evident that on the basis of dollars and cents 
the State College has already proved that it is a good investment for 
the State, and has already returned to the State more than the 
State has spent for its support and much more than is now being 
asked for to place it on a plane of efficiency, which it is not possible 
to attain with the present meager support. 



Development of Water Resources. 

Work has been initiated at the college looking toward the devel- 
opment of the State's water resources, and results of investigatioo 
and research in this fertile field should be just as productive as 
investigation and research in agriculture already have proved. 
Maryland's water resources constitute a vast asset, and money ex- 
pended by the Legislature to carry out a policy of conservation and 
development of them should be returned dollars for dimes. 

In co-operation with the Maryland Conservation Commission the 
State College has been conducting investigations and surveys, and 
is at present offering a series of lectures covering the general field 
of aquiculture. The United States Fish Commission is a;t present 
considering the establishment of experimental fish hatcheries at the 
College, and such a project should present invaluable data concern- 
ing the development of the water areas. The State College is co- 
operating with State and Federal agencies in their attempts to 
arouse active interest in the development of the vast resources of the 
bay and its tributaries. 

And it seems not amiss to state here that the College has been 
unable to meet demands for aid from one of the State's greatest 
industries — mining — because it has had no funds with which to 
develop such work. Not a home, not a business, not another industry 
iu the State that is not directly affected by the production of coal, 
and the people have a right to demand that their State College, 
especially charged under the Morrill Act with the development of 



the State's resources, be in a position to render whatever aid may be 
required in the attempt to solve some of the great problems incident 
thereto. 



Money Invested for the Scientific and Technical Training 

of Maryland Young Men and Women Produces 

Large Returns. 

Maryland is fast becoming an industrial center. Large indus- 
tries are constantly being added to the great number that already 
flourish in Baltimore and other towns. In addition, Cumberland, 
Hagerstown, Frederick, Easton, Cambridge and Salisbury and other- 
towns are rapidly expanding the scope of their industrial horizon. 
As a result, the demand for technically trained men and women is 
growing daily. 

Maryland boys and girls are receiving at the State College the 
training that fits them for service in the industrial field, and the 
graduates of the State College are to be found almost everywhere 
and in all professions. 

Noting only those holding official positions based on technical 
training, graduates of the institution are rendering service in Mary- 
land as follows : 

State Forester, Chief Engineer State Highway Commission, En- 
gineer for Baltimore City Sewerage Commission, Engineers for the 
Baltimore City Paving Commission, County Engineers, State Ento- 
mologist. State Horticulturist, Director of Extension Service, Teach- 
ers of Manual Training and Agriculture in Public High Schools, 
Members of the Faculty of the State College, County Agents, Spe- 
cialists in the Extension Service, Principals and Instructors in gen- 
eral subjects in High Schools and Academies of the State, Officers 
of the National Guard, etc. 

In the United States Department of Agriculture. Maryland 
State graduates occupy positions as follows : Three chiefs of divi- 
sion in the Bureau of Chemistry, Chemist in Charge of Meat Inspec- 
tion and Assistant Chemists in same division, Specialists in Bureau 
of Entomology, Chief Inspector for the United States Horticultural 
Board. Chemists in Charge of Cereal Investigations, citrus by-prod- 
ucts, etc.. Specialists in Bureau of Animal Industry. 

In the nation at large Maryland State graduates occupy posi- 
tions on the faculties of such institutions as follow : West Virginia 
University, Columbia University, University of Georgia, North Caro- 
lina State College, New York University, University of Maryland, 
Iowa State College, University of Wisconsin. University of Porto 
Rico, Christian Brothers College of California, University of Arkan- 
sas. George Washington University, Oregon Agricultural College, 
University of Pennsylvania, Cornell University, Albright College, 
Roanoke College, etc., and till technical positions such as State Ento- 
mologist, North Carolina; State Highway Engineer of Wisconsin, 
State Entomologist of Arkansas. Secretary Bureau of Irrigation of 



New Mexico, Surveyor of the District of Columbia, Chemist for the 
State of Virginia, Engineer United States Geological Survey, while 
scores of Maryland State men were commissioned officers of the 
United States Army, Navy, Coast Guard and Marine Corps. 

No mention is made here of the many who are scattered through- 
out the world as employees in the Engineering or Chemical Depart- 
ments of great industrial organizations and as specialists in various 
lines of agriculture. 

What Other States Have Done for the Support of Their 
State Colleges, Including the Experiment Stations 
and Extension Service. 

When the support given to the Maryland State College, includ- 
ing the Experiment Station and Extension Service, is compared with 
that granted to the State colleges of other States, the ultra-con- 
servative policy of Maryland is evident, as is shown by the following 
figures, supplied by the United States Bureau of Education : 



Colleges 



Value of 

College 

Plant and 

Equipment 



Annual 

Appropriation 

Since 1909 

(average) 



Total 

Appropriations 

Since 1909 



Per 
Capita 

1910 
Census 



West Virginia 
Massachusetts 

Kansas 

IVnnsyh ania 

Nebraska 

Ohio 

Wisconsin 
Maryland 



I 

I $1,516,000 

| 2.075,943 

| 2,648,317 

| 3,541,569 

| 4.886,012 

j 7,843,121 

| 0,503,093 

I 820.665 



$263,774.44 
363,105.44 
516,260.00 
427,766.00 
794,925.00 
1,055 394.00 
1,627,094.00 
102,108.43* 



$2,373,970.00 
3,267,949.00 
4,046.342.00 
3.849,896.00 
7.154,328.00 
9.498,550.00 

14.643,853.00 
1,021,084.00* 



$1.94 

.98 

2.63 

.50 

6.00 

1.99 

0.27 

.78 



*These figures include about $35,000 per year for 
Sanitary Division. In the other States this wor 
separate from the State College, and funds for it 
furnished above for other States. 



the work of the Live Stock 
k is carried on by Boards 
are not included in figures 



Brief Outline of the Work of the College. 

The Maryland State College of Agriculture is the successor of 
the Maryland Agriculture College, the second in the United States 
to be chartered. Although from the beginning it received some 
State aid, it was not a State institution, being under the control 
of a Board of Trustees independent of the State. It has always 
served, however, in the same relation to the State of Maryland as 
have the State colleges of other States, such as Iowa, Kansas, Wis- 
consin, Michigan, etc. By designation of the Legislative Assembly 
the College received the Government grants for agricultural educa- 
tion, known as the Morril-Nelson Acts and the grants for research, 
known as the Hatch and Adams Acts. However, the small grants 
limited from year to year the scope of the work compared to the 
field covered by the more adequately supported institutions in 
other States. 



8 



State Takes Over the College. 

To remedy this condition with a view to establishing a thor- 
oughly efficient State agency of agricultural and industrial educa- 
tion and research, in association with the other phases of education, 
the State took over the Maryland Agricultural College and reor- 
ganized it under a new charter, which makes it possible, with ade- 
quate support, to develop the Maryland State College of Agriculture 
into an institution comparable to the higher educational institutions 
of the other States. Considerable progress has been made in this 
direction. 

Scope of Work Demands Liberal Support. 

The State College conducts three distinct lines of educational 
work — resident instruction, investigation, and extension and demon- 
stration. A fourth division is that of regulatory work, which is con- 
ducted in part by the College and in part by the Live Stock Sanitary 
Section of the State Board. 

It must be assumed that the State, in taking over the College, 
intended to have the institution develop to meet the growing needs oi 
the time. 

How the Work of the College Is Organized. 

One of the necessary functions of the College is to provide ade 
quate means for the proper education of the young men and women 
of the State. In order to carry out systematically this fundamental 
duty, the College has been organized into the following groups: 
School of Agriculture, School of Chemistry, School of Education. 
School of Engineering, School of Home Economics, School of Liberal 
Arts, Graduate School ; and there is in process of organization a 
School of Veterinary Science and Medicine and other schools cov- 
ering fields of importance to technical education and research. 

The School of Agriculture. 

This group includes the Divisions of Plant Industry and Animal 
Industry. The Plant Industry Division covers the works in Agron- 
omy, Horticulture, Plant Morphology, Physiology and Pathology 
and Forestry. The Division of Animal Industry includes work in 
Animal Husbandry, Dairy Husbandy, Poultry Husbandry, Farm 
Management, Animal Pathology, Veterinary Medicine, Zoology, 
Entomology, etc. 

The teaching of a rational, practical system of farming is the 
primary aim of the School of Agriculture. The curricula are planned 
to give the student a general knoAvledge of all phases of agriculture 
and related sciences, but at the same time to afford an opportunity 
to specialize along the line in which he is particularly interested. 
The plan provides for those who wish to take up some professional 
line, such as teaching, research, county agent work, as well as 
farming. 



The School of Chemistry. 

The School of Chemistry includes the Departments of General 
Chemistry, Industrial Chemistry, Biological Chemistry and the 
Department of Fertilizer and Food Analysis and Inspection. 

It is the aim of the School of Chemistry to prepare students for 
practical work as research, general analytical and manufacturing 
chemists, or to be teachers. 

The School of Education. 

This school consists of an organization of the various activities 
of the College which are concerned with the professional prepara 
tion of teachers. Its courses are planned to serve three classes of 
students — hist, those preparing to teach Agriculture, Home Eco- 
nomics, industrial and general subjects in secondary schools; sec- 
ond, prospective principals of High Schools, Educational Super- 
visors, County Agents, Home Demonstration Agents, Boys' and 
Girls' Club Leaders and other Extension Workers; third, those 
majoring in other lines who desire courses in Education and 
Psychology. 

In addition to courses in General Education, Vocational courses 
are offered in Agricultural Education, Home Economics Education 
and Industrial Education. 

The State College is designated by the State Board of Education 
and the Federal Vocational Board as the official agency charged with 
the conduct of teacher training in Maryland under the Smith-Hughes 
Act. 

The School of Engineering. 

The Engineering group includes Civil, Electrical, Mechanical 
and Rural Engineering and Mathematics and Physics. The State 
College was the first institution in the State of Maryland to organize 
a course in Engineering, having inaugurated the work in 1894 to 
comply with requirements of the Federal Government under the 
second Morrill Land Grant Act. 

The Engineering courses are arranged with a view to preparing 
the students for immediate usefulness in the technical world. The 
school is organized to instruct students who desire to practice Engi- 
neering as a profession; and, second, to teach students interested in 
agriculture and applied science such branches of mechanic arts and 
engineering as will promote their individual interests. Instruction 
is given in certain subjects required under the provisions of the 
Smith-Hughes Act for the training of teachers in the industrial arts. 

An opportunity is afforded each year for practicing road engi- 
neers to take an intensive course at the College in road building and 
maintenance. 

Four-year courses are offered in Civil, Mechanical, Electrical 
and Rural Engineering. Option is offered in Civil Engineering to 
specialize in either highway or sanitary engineering. 

10 



The School of Home Economics. 

This school includes the Departments of Foods and Cookery, 
Textiles and Clothing, Hygiene and Health and Institutional and 
Home Management. 

The courses of instruction are planned to meet the needs oi' 
three classes of students: (1) ) Those who desire a knowledge of the 
general facts and principle of home economics. (2) Those students 
who wish to specialize in Home Economics. (3) Those interested in 
certain phases of home economics which deal with the work of the 
dietitian or institutional manager. 

The School of Liberal Arts. 

This group includes the Departments of Languages and Philos- 
ophy. English Language and Literature, History and Political 
Science, Economics, Journalism, Public Speaking, Library Science 
and Music. 

The courses given in this school have for their prime object the 
offering of fundamental and specialized instruction in language, 
literature and social science. It aims to establish a foundation upon 
which to build technical and scientific education; to provide the 
basic preparation for business, law, journalism, administration, civil 
service or higher teaching positions, and to afford the opportunity 
for general cultivation and refinement of the mind. The curricula 
in this group are largely arranged according to the group elective 
system. 

The Graduate School. 

Graduate work is offered to graduates of this or other standard 
colleges Avho, in the judgment of the Dean of the Graduate School, 
are qualified to undertake that work. Advanced degrees conferred 
are Master of Science. Master of Arts and Doctor of Philosophy. 

College Organized on a Broad Basis. 

The organization of the academic work is thus planned upon a 
broad basis in accordance with the law creating the Land Grant 
Colleges by the Federal Government. The young men and women 
of Maryland have a right to expect their State College to be so 
organized, equipped and manned as to meet their needs for higher 
education in all its branches, such as is furnished by other States. 

Maryland cannot afford to send her sons and daughters to other 
States because her own State College cannot accept them or is not 
equipped to give them the training they desire .and yet nearly 200 
young men of Maryland were turned away from the State College 
last fall on account of limited accommodations. 

A detailed discussion of needs for equipment and buildings will 
be presented later. 

11 



Investigation. 

Investigation in all fields of applied science is essential to edu- 
cation. The work of the Experiment Stations of the country was 
pre-eminent in developing modern scientific agriculture in both the- 
ory and practice. The Maryland Experiment Station, established in 
1888, has produced results from its investigations of untold value to 
the farmers of the State. The investigational work in progress 
includes a study of the soils of the State and their adaptability to 
various crops; the use of lime, fertility investigations, methods for 
the control of insect pests and plant diseases, feeding animals for 
meat and dairy production, selection of varieties and cultural prac- 
tice in raising fruit, vegetables and flowers, variety tests in wheat, 
soy beans and other crops. Agricultural research must be ahead of 
demands of the time. 

While splendid results have been accomplished by our Station, 
there are innumerable agricultural problems that need solving. A 
study of many of these problems would extend over a period of years. 
The agricultural industry cannot afford to neglect agricultural re- 
search in these times when new methods in production, distribution 
and marketing are so important. Other fields of investigation in 
science, engineering, farm machinery, mining, agriculture, etc., pre- 
sent great possibilities for assisting these industries in the State. 

Extension and Demonstration. 

The aim of the extension and demonstration work is to carry 
the available information in agricultural science and home eco- 
nomics to farmers and home-makers by practical demonstrations on 
their farms and in their homes. This work is conducted in co-opera- 
tion with the United States Department of Agriculture, and is accom- 
plishing wonderful results in this State. It was through this well 
organized division that the institution was able to carry the large 
amount of extra work thrust upon us by the State during the war 
period, and which has continued since the armistice. With a trained 
man and woman agent in each county we were able to conduct the 
special campaigns for production, and, with the generous response by 
the farmers, to make such a splendid agricultural war record for the 
State. Since the close of the war, on account of the reduction of 
Federal Emergency funds and State funds from the Council of 
Defense, the Extension Service has had great difficulty in meeting 
the demands of the people. 

It is impossible to cite the magnitude of this work in the State. 
Suffice it to say that the people are demanding well-trained and 
experienced men and women, and all sections have come to realize 
the immense value of county agent work in promoting the develop- 
ment of agriculture and bettering rural life in the counties. 

In addition, the Extension Service is furnishing facilities for 
presenting favorably to prospective settlers information concerning 
Maryland's agricultural possibilities and the advantages of locating 
in this State. 

12 



To meet the needs in different communities it has been necessary 
to emphasize extension in general education. The purpose of this 
work is to give information and assistance in subjects other than 
agriculture and home economics. 

Through the Extension Service the College campus extends to 
every community of the State; through it the College is able to ren- 
der service to the State at large. 

Inspection and Control Work. 

In the United States the annual toll by insects and diseases 
taken from farm crops, fruits, vegetables, etc., and, in addition, the 
loss due to diseases affecting livestock, amounts to millions. A con- 
servative estimate of the loss due to these causes is 10 per cent. For 
Maryland farm crops, this would be $13,274,000; for livestock, it 
would amount to $5,070,000. Our annual loss to the dairy industry 
from disease, such as tuberculosis, amounts to $1,560,000, while our 
loss in the swine industry, due to hog cholera, etc., is approximately 
$850,000. 

Muck progress is being made in the control of diseases affecting 
both farm crops and animals. No argument is necessary to point 
out the necessity of the State doing everything in its power to prevent 
these enormous losses. 

The control work of insects and diseases is conducted through 
the State Horticultural Department, while the control of animal 
diseases is conducted by the Livestock Sanitary Section of the State 
Board of Agriculture. 

The fertilizer inspection work conducted by the School of Chem- 
istry is of untold value to the farmers of the State. Likewise, the 
seed inspection means much to the State in protecting the quality 
of seed offered for sale. All phases of this regulatory work should 
be adequately provided for in order to protect the agricultural indus- 
try as far as possible from unnecessary losses. 

The Present Condition of Buildings and Equipment 
Makes Appropriations Necessary. 

A total of $1,519,900 is requested for buildings, equipment 
and land at the State College. This seems a rather large sum, but 
when one considers the absolute needs existing at present, the request 
is more than justified. In the first place, it will be remembered that 
a request for a building program was submitted to the last Legis- 
lature, but in view of war conditions, the Board of Trustees volun- 
tarily requested that such a building program be postponed. 

The time has now arrived that additional buildings are an abso- 
lute necessity if the institution is to grow or even accommodate 
properly the students now attending the College. Moreover, the 
request for buildings is large by virtue <>f the inadequate provision 
made in previous years for the needs of the institution. The coin- 

13 



parisons previously shown in the total amounts appropriated by this 
State with that of other States for this purpose explain the abnormal 
needs at this time. 



Dormitories for Men Inadequate. 

The present dormitory facilities are wholly inadequate. Calvert 
Hall is a modern dormitory built to accommodate 125 men. It has 
been necessary to crowd into it over double this number, and as 
many more have to find rooms at high cost and often long distances 
from the College. Many were turned away this year because no 
place to live could be found. The United States Government re- 
quested us to provide for 200 men wounded in the recent war who 
desired education in the fields represented by the College. Only 
about 40 of these could be taken because there was no place for 
them to live and no funds could be secured either from the State or 
Federal Government to erect a dormitory. To meet these conditions 
we are asking for a dormitory for men to accommodate 200 which 
will afford temporary relief. The cost of such a building and equip- 
ment will be |160,000. 



College Open to Women. 

The new charter granted to the institution in 1914 provided 
that the opportunities given to the young women attending the 
College be equal to those given to men. A school of Home Economics 
has been organized. Only about 30 young women are attending the 
College, as this is all that can be accommodated under present condi- 
tions, and these are housed partly in a rented building away from 
the campus. We should have a suitable dormitory for women, and 
estimates have been prepared for such a building to cost $108,000. 
Certainly no argument is necessary to persuade anyone that the 
State should have suitable accommodations for the large number of 
young women who are seeking advanced training in all branches of 
education. The proper education of our young women is unques- 
tionably one of the primary duties of the State. 



Dining Hall Needed. 

The students must not only be housed, but they must be fed. 
The original dining hall was destroyed by fire a few years before the 
State took over the College and since that time a temporary wooden 
structure has taken its place. This was enlarged during the war by 
a temporary addition. The structure, however, does not. meet the 
requirements of the situation. It should be replaced immediately 
by a properly constructed building and modern equipment. This 
will cost approximately $170,000. 

14 



Armory and Gymnasium Required. 

Mention has been made of the fact that the College rendered 
assistance to the nation during the war in the training of men for 
war service. The grants made by the general Government to the 
State for education required that the College should provide such 
training in military science as the War Department might demand. 
Maryland State College has met this requirement as far as possible 
with inadequate facilities. Recently Congress provided for the en- 
largement of this military training in the establishment of the Re- 
serve Officers' Training Corps. Under this plan the students receive 
considerable assistance in the way of free uniforms and other equip- 
ment, and in the advanced work about $12 per month additional. 
The military training in no way interferes with the other work of 
the schools, but it is a distinct help, as careful physical training is 
required. The War Department has turned over to the College 
about $75,000 worth of equipment, which must be carefully guarded 
and cared for. At the present time there is no place to house prop- 
erly and use this equipment or to conduct the military and physical 
training work on a basis satisfactory to the War Department. To 
provide for this need, an appropriation is requested to build a suit- 
able gymnasium and armory. This will require $190,000. 

New Chemical Building Necessary. 

The importance of chemistry in the industries has never been 
so fully recognized as today. It has important relationship to nearly 
every department of modern life. The demand for mon trained in 
chemistry is especially strong from the industries, and many young 
men desire to prepare themselves to till these places. The building 
used by the College for chemical teaching and fertilizer analysis is 
now altogether too small. It is not fireproof, and is not adapted to 
rhe requirements of the enlarged demands in these lines. A new 
building is urgently necessary, and will cost about $100,000. 

Farm Machinery Laboratory Required. 

Farm .machinery is noAv a subject that must be given much more 
attention in colleges of agriculture and engineering. It is an impor- 
tant factor in solving the farm-labor problem. Maryland has made a 
good start in this direction, but the College has no suitable building 
in which the work can be adequately carried on. An estimate of 
$50,000 to cover the immediate needs has been included in the budget. 

Central Heating Plant a Necessity. 

All of these buildings must be heated. At the present time most 
of the College buildings are heated by individual plants. As the 
institution grows it will be desirable to centralize this work at a 
point where coal can be brought in in carload lots over a spur track 
from the railroad. Another very important factor is the reduction 

15 



of the lire risk. Provision for a central heating plant and conduits, 
with spur track connections with the railroad, is requested. The 
estimated cost is $249,400. 

An item is also included for the construction of sewers and for 
water mains and tank to meet the increased needs of the College, 
protect the health of the students and furnish additional fire protec- 
tion. This item calls for $64,000. 

Buildings and Equipment for Veterinary Science. 

The efficient control of animal diseases depends in a large meas- 
ure upon the supply and skill of the veterinarians. Maryland has no 
college of veterinary medicine at the present time. The National 
Department of Agriculture has urged the Board to organize such a 
school in connection with the State College of Agriculture. The 
amount requested for this purpose is $35,000 for buildings and equip- 
ment. The additional staff is included in the college budget. 

Plant and Equipment for Dairy and Animal Husbandry 

Departments. 

The general program also requires an efficient department of 
dairy and animal hubandry at the College. There is great need for 
additional livestock for general animal husbandry teaching. Steps 
have been taken to organize this work. First of all, there must be 
provided additional land, within easy reach of the classes, for the 
location of barns, paddocks, pastures and other necessary equipment, 
and for growing as much of the feed needed as practicable. This 
additional land, with the necessary barns and other equipment will 
cost about $106,000, and a request for this has been included. This 
is an investment that will grow more valuable from year to year 
entirely aside from its educational value. 

Summary of Building Program. 

The above program for buildings is conservative, and provides 
for only the immediate needs of the institution. The new agricul- 
tural building completed in 1918 at a cost of $174,000, the men's 
dormitory built from insurance funds following the fire, together 
with the Engineering Buildings, Science Hall, Library and other 
structures erected from time to time, including the Experiment Sta- 
tion buildings, are at present overcrowded and inadequate to meet 
the needs of a growing institution. 

The location of the College on a commanding hill near the 
Washington-Baltimore Boulevard, Washington Suburban Electric 
Railway and B. & O. Railroad offers a most favorable center around 
Avhich to group the proposed new buildings to meet present needs. 
The institution has made a splendid record, and as already has been 
pointed out, its alumni can be found in places of great responsibility 
throughout the State and the Union. Aside from Maryland's duty 

16 



To its youth, and aside from the materia] returns thai will conic from 
money invested, the State's pride alone should prompt her to have 
equipment adequate to the needs of her citizens and comparable to 
that of other States. 

The Increase in the Cost of Maintenance, Coupled With the 

Decreased Purchasing Power of Money, Necessitate 

Increased Appropriations. 

The large reduction in the purchasing power of the dollar is 
felt to no greater degree in any business than in the conduct of a 
State institution with limited appropriations for certain purposes. 
The previous appropriations for maintenance during the past two 
years could not be increased to meet the largely expanded cost of 
materials, equipment, travel and general expenses. In order to con- 
tinue the work of the institution in all phases of its activity upon 
the same basis as hertofore, a 50 per cent, increase in maintenance 
for the several divisions is necessary. In order to meet present high 
costs, the strictest economies have been practiced and yet the in- 
creased cost of travel, food, coal and every other article entering 
into the needs of the institution have had to be met. 

Increased Salaries Necessary to Keep Good Men. 

Xo class of men and women have suffered from the high cost 
of living to the same degree as teachers and college professors, 
specialists and others engaged in educational work. The strain upon 
the men at our institution who are forced to maintain certain stand- 
ards of living, and who are subject to many miscellaneous demands 
in addition to ordinary living expenses, has been heavy. The average 
of the salaries paid to our specialists and instructors is below that 
paid by similar institutions. We must retain the competent men 
now connected with the College. In order to do so, we must increase 
our salary average. We have already lost a score of men in all 
divisions during the past two years because of salary limitations. 

We believe the Maryland public demands the best available 
men to conduct the work of the institution. The reputation of the 
College is largely based upon the character of men who represent it. 
We cannot afford to be parsimonious or to practice the false economy 
of allowing our best men to leave the institution for want of a living 
wage. 

The Expansion of the College and the Increased Demands 

Made Upon All Divisions of the Institution Require 

Larger Grants of Funds. 

In an earlier part of this statement it was shown that the Slate 
of Maryland in the years 1910-1919 granted to the Maryland 
State College for all purposes the sum of J?1,021,Q84. Vet $705,084, 

17 



or 69 per cent, of this sum was appropriated during the last three 
years, and of this latter sum f 174,000, or 24 per cent., was appro- 
priated for an Agricultural Building. Had the policy of the State 
in the preceding years been more in accord with the policy of other 
States in supporting their State College the present congestion and 
overcrowding of the College in all of its departments would not 
exist. Our lecture-rooms and laboratories are filled to overflowing, 
and any expansion in the number of the students is prevented. 
Demands are made every day upon the several divisions of the 
institution which cannot be met because of limited funds. 

The State College is under a mandate from the State to care 
for a wide range of work, and yet, unless the funds available for 
carrying on. such work are greatly increased, the institution cannot 
adequately meet its obligations. The rendering of useful service to 
the people of the State invariably increases the demands for more 
and greater service. These demands constitute a valuable criterion 
by which to measure the usefulness of the College to the State. It 
is not fair or wise to limit the amount of such service that an insti- 
tution can perform. 



The People Want a State College Comparable With the 

Resources of the State and of a Rank Similar 

to Those of Other States. 

The people of Maryland want a State College comparable to 
those of other States, and there is every reason why they should 
have it. 

The Maryland State College is the only collegiate institution in 
the State owned by the State and controlled by the State. So long- 
as the College remained a semi-private institution and the State did 
not own the property there was a natural hesitancy on the part of 
the members of the General Assembly to grant large sums of money 
for plant or equipment. 

But Avhen the State took over the College and made it the 
State College it assumed a responsibility which cannot be evaded. 
The College as a State-owned institution should logically be the 
crowning point of the State's public educational system. The people 
of the State want good public schools, good high schools and good 
normal schools. They also want the State institution for higher 
education to be as good in quality and as high in rank as the 
resources of the State will justify. 

It has already been pointed out that other States of the Union 
have found great profit and satisfaction out of the development of 
their State Colleges. As a conspicuous example Kansas may be 
noted. The history of the remarkable progress of that State from 
actual poverty to unbounded prosperity is but the history of its edu- 
cational development. The legislators of the State of Kansas in- 
vested millions in their State College. Through the agencies of the 

18 



College, thus made capable and efficient, hundreds of millions of dol- 
lars have been added to the wealth of the State. And the people 
of Kansas are proud of their College because it is worthy of the best 
traditions of the State. 

Under the liberal and enlightened spirit which animated the 
policy of the Legislature of Kansas towards its Slate College, Mary- 
land may have, and the people of the State desire her to have, an 
institution which, in plant, equipment and ability to serve her peo- 
ple, will rank with Michigan, Pennsylvania, Cornell, Kansas or 
Wisconsin. 



SPECIAL PROJECTS. 

Livestock Sanitary Service. 

The profitable growing of livestock depends in a large measure 
upon the control of such diseases as tuberculosis, glanders, hog 
cholera, etc. The State has organized an efficient service to study 
and control diseases. It is under the State Board of Agriculture, 
and is known as the Livestock Sanitary Service. Tn co-operation 
with the Bureau of Animal Industry of the United States Depart- 
ment of Agriculture, this service is engaged in eradicating these 
diseases. Every dollar efficiently devoted to this work comes back 
in larger and more economical production. The Board of Agricul- 
ture is asking for the next two years for the conduct of this work, 
including hog cholera eradication and the indemnities that must be 
paid where animals are dest roved to prevent the spread of infection, 
1331.000. 



Dairy Inspection Service. 

The Board of Agriculture has been requested by the Maryland 
Commission appointed by the Governor to control the cost of neces- 
saries of life and prevent profiteering, to co-operate in an 
attempt To improve the conditions controlling the milk supply. 
Many phases of this work Avere already in progress under the direc- 
tion of the Board in co-operation with the Women's Civic League 
and other similar agencies, including the Dairymen's Association, 
the milk distributors and others. One of the most needful things 
nor being attended to properly on account of lack of funds is the 
dairy inspection work upon which the sanitary qualities of the milk 
depend. The State Board of Health and Municipal Boards of 
Health, as well as the State Board of Agriculture, are involved in 
this problem, and their co-operation in working out a comprehensive 
and efficient co-operative inspection service has been requested. The 
State Board has requested $105,000 to meet its share of* this work 
for the next two years. 

19 



Marketing. 

An item of $10,000 is requested in the budget to provide for 
marketing investigations and demonstrations. With limited funds 
at its disposal the College has conducted a number of investigations 
of the systems of marketing perishable farm crops in several parts 
of the State and in Baltimore City. Farmers have been assisted in 
co-operative marketing of farm products and in purchasing farm 
equipment and supplies to the extent of millions of dollars during 
the past year. It is evident that there is much room for improve- 
ment in the general marketing of farm products, including produc- 
tion, grading, packing and distribution of perishable products; and 
additional investigation is needed in order that hasty and ill-con- 
sidered action in dealing with this large problem may not be taken. 
Every legitimate effort should be made to reduce the costs in market- 
ing to both producer and consumer. 

Beekeeping. 

Beekeeping is becoming an important industry in Maryland. 
At a time when the price of sugar has increased from 200 per cent, 
to 300 per cent, above pre-war figures, the encouragement of honey 
production is worthy of consideration. 

Through the State Beekeepers' Association much assistance and 
encouragement has been extended to the industry. In order that the 
diseases and pests that threaten the progress of beekeeping may be 
controlled the Legislature is asked to provide $8000 for adequate 
inspection of bees and the encouragement of beekeeping in the 
State. 

The Eastern Branch of the College. 

The Morrill Acts, making grants to the States for agricultural 
and trade and industrial education, provided that a certain amount 
of the grants should go for the education of the colored race. A 
branch of Morgan College, at Princess Anne, Maryland, was early 
designated to leceive the grant and to conduct this work under the 
supervision of the Maryland State College of Agriculture, and was 
designated the Eastern Branch of that college. The arrangement 
was continued under the new charter and steps were taken two years 
ago to enlarge the work and to make the institution in fact an effi- 
cient agent to provide for the colored people the type of education 
contemplated by the Morrill Act. While the trustees of Morgan Col- 
lege have given every possible assistance in developing this school, 
sufficient funds have not been available to enable it to render the 
service to the colored people of the State that it designed to render. 
When the Maryland Agricultural College was reorganized as a State 
institution, steps Avere taken to improve the Eastern Branch. Addi- 
tional land was secured through an appropriation for that purpose 

20 



by the lasl Legislative Assembly, and a plan for the enlargement of 
the agricultural work inaugurated. For the next bienntum money 

has been requested to complete a dairy barn, put in some drainage 
and for additional equipment for this work. A request has also been 
made for a building for laboratory and class work in agriculture and 
mechanic arts. The total amount requested is $80,840. Morgan 
College already provides the school with a number of school and dor 
mitory buildings, about 100 acres of land, considerable equipment 
and co-operates in the conduct of the work. The plan is to develop 
as rapidly as possible an institution comparable to the best schools 
of its kind in the country under the strict supervision ami control 
of the State. 

Total Appropriations Required. 

The grand total, including the College, Extension Service, men 
and women county agents, the Experiment Station, the State Board 
of Agriculture, the Live Stock Sanitary Service, the Eastern Branch 
and other lines under the control of the State Board of Trustees of 
the College and the State Board of Agriculture is. for the first year, 
General Maintenance, $859,918.39; the secoud year, General Mainte- 
nance, $827,367.83, and for Land, Buildings. Equipment, etc., 
$1,519,900, or a grand total for the two years of s:i207,186.22. While 
this is a large sum, it is an investment that will develop aud conserve 
the State's great agricultural and industrial resources and conse- 
quently its wealth. More than this, it helps to make efficient citizens 
able to render the best service. These constitute the greatest asset 
in any Commonwealth. 



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